SYLLABUS: MAJOR BOTANY
Total Credits: 55
Total Lectures: 50 (Unit 1-5: 50 | Unit 6 Gymnosperms: 20 included in total)
Unit 1: Vedic Botany
No. of Lectures: 5
Introduction to Vedic Botany.
Importance of Bhartiya (Indian) wisdom in the life sciences.
Contribution of Parāśara Muni to Vedic Botany.
Unit 2: Archegoniates
No. of Lectures: 5
Introduction and unifying features of Archegoniates.
Transition to land habit.
Alternation of generations.
Unit 3: Bryophytes
No. of Lectures: 15
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
Range of thallus organization and adaptations to land habit.
Types of Bryophytes with special reference to Sphagnum.
Morphology, anatomy, reproduction, and evolutionary trends in:
Riccia
Marchantia
Anthoceros
Sphagnum
Funaria
Common mosses of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
Unit 4: Pteridophytes
No. of Lectures: 15
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
General account of early land plants.
Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of:
Psilotum
Selaginella
Equisetum
Pteris (Developmental details excluded)
Apogamy, apospory, heterospory, and seed habit.
Telome theory and stellar evolution.
Common ferns of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
Unit 5: Gymnosperms
No. of Lectures: 20
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of:
Cycas
Pinus
Gnetum (Developmental details excluded)
Cycas and Pinus species of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
Total Credits: 55
Total Lectures: 50 (Unit 1-5: 50 | Unit 6 Gymnosperms: 20 included in total)
Unit 1: Vedic Botany
No. of Lectures: 5
Introduction to Vedic Botany.
Importance of Bhartiya (Indian) wisdom in the life sciences.
Contribution of Parāśara Muni to Vedic Botany.
Unit 2: Archegoniates
No. of Lectures: 5
Introduction and unifying features of Archegoniates.
Transition to land habit.
Alternation of generations.
Unit 3: Bryophytes
No. of Lectures: 15
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
Range of thallus organization and adaptations to land habit.
Types of Bryophytes with special reference to Sphagnum.
Morphology, anatomy, reproduction, and evolutionary trends in:
Riccia
Marchantia
Anthoceros
Sphagnum
Funaria
Common mosses of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
Unit 4: Pteridophytes
No. of Lectures: 15
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
General account of early land plants.
Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of:
Psilotum
Selaginella
Equisetum
Pteris (Developmental details excluded)
Apogamy, apospory, heterospory, and seed habit.
Telome theory and stellar evolution.
Common ferns of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
Unit 5: Gymnosperms
No. of Lectures: 20
General characteristics and classification (up to family).
Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of:
Cycas
Pinus
Gnetum (Developmental details excluded)
Cycas and Pinus species of India.
Ecological and economic importance.
SYLLABUS: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. Gaseous State
Credit: 20
a. Behavior of Real Gases
Deviations from ideal gas behavior; compressibility factor (Z).
van der Waals equation: derivation, applications, virial form.
Boyle temperature; isotherms of real gases.
Critical state, critical constants, and the law of corresponding states.
b. Kinetic Molecular Model
Postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Collision frequency, mean free path, collision diameter.
Viscosity of gases and its dependence on temperature/pressure.
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities.
Law of equipartition of energy; degrees of freedom and heat capacities.
2. Liquid State
Credit: 10
Structure and physical properties of liquids.
Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity, and temperature dependence.
Effect of solutes on surface tension; cleansing action of detergents.
Structure of water.
3. Ionic Equilibria
Credit: 4
Strong, moderate, and weak electrolytes; degree of ionization.
Ionization constants, ionic product of water, pH scale.
Common ion effect; dissociation constants of polyprotic acids.
Salt hydrolysis: constants, degree, pH.
Buffer solutions: Henderson equation, capacity, range, applications.
Solubility and solubility product.
Acid-base concepts: Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories (including HSAB principle).
Acid-base titration curves (qualitative), theory of indicators.
Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolytes.
4. Solid State
Credit: 15
Nature of the solid state; laws of crystallography.
Miller indices; symmetry elements and operations.
Qualitative ideas of point/space groups.
Seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices.
X-ray diffraction: Bragg’s law, rotating crystal and powder pattern methods.
Analysis of powder patterns (NaCl, CsCl, KCl).
Defects in crystals; glasses and liquid crystals.
Part C – Learning Resources
Textbooks: Atkins & Paula, Ball, Castellan, Mortimer, Barrow.
Suggested Keywords: States of matter, ideal/real gases, critical constants, viscosity, surface tension, crystal lattices, X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, ionic equilibria, pH, solubility product.
1. Gaseous State
Credit: 20
a. Behavior of Real Gases
Deviations from ideal gas behavior; compressibility factor (Z).
van der Waals equation: derivation, applications, virial form.
Boyle temperature; isotherms of real gases.
Critical state, critical constants, and the law of corresponding states.
b. Kinetic Molecular ModelPostulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Collision frequency, mean free path, collision diameter.
Viscosity of gases and its dependence on temperature/pressure.
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities.
Law of equipartition of energy; degrees of freedom and heat capacities.
2. Liquid State
Credit: 10
Structure and physical properties of liquids.
Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity, and temperature dependence.
Effect of solutes on surface tension; cleansing action of detergents.
Structure of water.
3. Ionic Equilibria
Credit: 4
Strong, moderate, and weak electrolytes; degree of ionization.
Ionization constants, ionic product of water, pH scale.
Common ion effect; dissociation constants of polyprotic acids.
Salt hydrolysis: constants, degree, pH.
Buffer solutions: Henderson equation, capacity, range, applications.
Solubility and solubility product.
Acid-base concepts: Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories (including HSAB principle).
Acid-base titration curves (qualitative), theory of indicators.
Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolytes.
4. Solid State
Credit: 15
Nature of the solid state; laws of crystallography.
Miller indices; symmetry elements and operations.
Qualitative ideas of point/space groups.
Seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices.
X-ray diffraction: Bragg’s law, rotating crystal and powder pattern methods.
Analysis of powder patterns (NaCl, CsCl, KCl).
Defects in crystals; glasses and liquid crystals.
Part C – Learning Resources
Textbooks: Atkins & Paula, Ball, Castellan, Mortimer, Barrow.
Suggested Keywords: States of matter, ideal/real gases, critical constants, viscosity, surface tension, crystal lattices, X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, ionic equilibria, pH, solubility product.
SYLLABUS: GENERIC ZOOLOGY
Total Lectures: 60
I. Digestion and Excretion in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Digestive glands: structure and function.
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
Neural and hormonal control of digestion.
Excretory system: functional anatomy of the kidney.
Mechanism of excretion and regulation of urine formation.
II. Muscular Function and Respiration in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles.
Neuromuscular junction; mechanism of muscle contraction.
Respiration: ventilation, external/internal respiration.
Transport of O₂ and CO₂ in blood and tissues; factors affecting transport.
III. Cardiovascular Functions in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure of the heart and blood vessels; blood cells.
Coordination of heartbeat: neural and hormonal control.
Cardiac cycle; ECG.
Lymph and lymph vessels.
IV. Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure and function of endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Fertilization, implantation, menstrual cycle.
Pregnancy and parturition.
Total Lectures: 60
I. Digestion and Excretion in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Digestive glands: structure and function.
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
Neural and hormonal control of digestion.
Excretory system: functional anatomy of the kidney.
Mechanism of excretion and regulation of urine formation.
II. Muscular Function and Respiration in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles.
Neuromuscular junction; mechanism of muscle contraction.
Respiration: ventilation, external/internal respiration.
Transport of O₂ and CO₂ in blood and tissues; factors affecting transport.
III. Cardiovascular Functions in Humans
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure of the heart and blood vessels; blood cells.
Coordination of heartbeat: neural and hormonal control.
Cardiac cycle; ECG.
Lymph and lymph vessels.
IV. Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology
No. of Lectures: 15
Structure and function of endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Fertilization, implantation, menstrual cycle.
Pregnancy and parturition.
SYLLABUS: SEC/FOUNDATION – MEDICINAL PLANTS
Unit 1: History of Indian Medicine
Contributions of Charak, Sushrut, and Maharishi Patanjali.
Unit 2: History and Traditional Systems of Medicine
History, scope, and importance of medicinal plants.
Ayurveda: History, origin, concepts (Panchamahabhutas, Saptadhatu, Tridosha), Rasayana, plants used.
Siddha: Origin, medical systems, Ihdidda system, plants used.
Unani: History, concepts (Umur-e-tabiyya), treatments, polyherbal formulations.
Unit 3: Conservation and Propagation
Conservation of endemic/endangered medicinal plants; Red List criteria.
In situ conservation: Biosphere reserves, sacred groves, National Parks.
Ex situ conservation: Botanical Gardens, Ethnomedicinal Plant Gardens.
Propagation: Nursery objectives, classification, components, and techniques (sowing, picking, greenhouse use, cuttings, layering, grafting, budding).
Unit 4: Ethnobotany and Folk Medicine
Concepts, definitions, and ethnobotany in India.
Study methods and applications (National interacts, Palaeo-ethnobotany).
Folk medicines, ethnomedicine, ethnoecology.
Ethnic communities of India.
Unit 5: Specific Medicinal Plants and Uses
Brief description and specific uses of:
Guggul (Commiphora): Hypercholesterolemia.
Boswellia & Terminalia arjuna: Heart disorders.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Wound healing, antioxidant, anticancer.
Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa): Hepatoprotection.
Opium Poppy: Analgesic, antitussive.
Salix: Pain relief.
Cinchona & Artemisia: Malaria.
Rauwolfia
Unit 1: History of Indian Medicine
Contributions of Charak, Sushrut, and Maharishi Patanjali.
Unit 2: History and Traditional Systems of Medicine
History, scope, and importance of medicinal plants.
Ayurveda: History, origin, concepts (Panchamahabhutas, Saptadhatu, Tridosha), Rasayana, plants used.
Siddha: Origin, medical systems, Ihdidda system, plants used.
Unani: History, concepts (Umur-e-tabiyya), treatments, polyherbal formulations.
Unit 3: Conservation and Propagation
Conservation of endemic/endangered medicinal plants; Red List criteria.
In situ conservation: Biosphere reserves, sacred groves, National Parks.
Ex situ conservation: Botanical Gardens, Ethnomedicinal Plant Gardens.
Propagation: Nursery objectives, classification, components, and techniques (sowing, picking, greenhouse use, cuttings, layering, grafting, budding).
Unit 4: Ethnobotany and Folk Medicine
Concepts, definitions, and ethnobotany in India.
Study methods and applications (National interacts, Palaeo-ethnobotany).
Folk medicines, ethnomedicine, ethnoecology.
Ethnic communities of India.
Unit 5: Specific Medicinal Plants and Uses
Brief description and specific uses of:
Guggul (Commiphora): Hypercholesterolemia.
Boswellia & Terminalia arjuna: Heart disorders.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Wound healing, antioxidant, anticancer.
Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa): Hepatoprotection.
Opium Poppy: Analgesic, antitussive.
Salix: Pain relief.
Cinchona & Artemisia: Malaria.
Rauwolfia